ABORTIFACIENT EFFICACY OF INDIGOFERA TRIFOLIATA LEAVES EXTRACT ON FEMALE ALBINO RATS
Abstract
To evaluate the potential abortifacient activity of the aqueous, alcohol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extract of Indigofera trifoliata leaves in female albino rats 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses of each extract were administered from day 11 to 15 of pregnancy and animals were allowed to go full term. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, simple phenolics, steroids, tannins and saponins. Clinical toxicity symptoms such as respiratory distress, salivation, weight loss, dull eyes, diarrhea, and change in the appearance of fur as well as mortality were not observed in the animals at any period of the experiment. All the four extracts of I. trifoliata leaves exhibited abortifacient activity (7- 92.30%). The extracts significantly reduced the number of live fetuses, whereas the resorption index and post implantation losses increased significantly. The % of abortion was found to be highest (92.30%) with 400 mg/kg dose of alcoholic extract of I. trifoliata leaves. The hormonal assay shows that, there was reduction in the level of FSH and LH hormone, while level of estrogen increased but there was slight decrease in the level of progesterone hormone. The extract shows significant change in the body weight but there was slight decrease in weight of ovary and increase in the uterine weight in treated rats.
Keywords: Abortifacient, Female albino rat, Indigofera trifoliata, Post implantation, Resorption
Downloads
References
Ritchie HE. The safety of herbal medicine use during pregnancy. Frontier in Fetal Health. 2001; 3: 259- 266.
Sinha R. Post testicular antifertility effect of Abrus precatorius seed of extraction albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990; 28: 173- 181.
Purohit A, Daradka HMM. Antiandrogenic efficacy of Curcuma longa (50 % EtOH extract) with special emphasis on testicular cell population dynamics. Indian Drugs. 1999; 36: 142- 143.
Farnsworth NR, Bingel AS, Cordell GA, Crane FA, Fong HH. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents. J Phrma Sci. 1975; 64: 535- 598.
Rajkapoor B, Murugash N, Kavimani S, Krishna DR, Ravichandran V. Antimycobacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic studies of Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl. Pharmacog Magaz. 2007; 3: 163- 166.
Kirtikar KR and Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants. Oriental enterprises, Dehra Dun. 2001; 3: 997- 999.
Mail RG, Hundiwale JC, Gavit RS, Patil DA, Patil KS. Herbal abortifacients used in North Maharashtra, Nat Prod. 2006; 5: 315: 318.
Indian Medicinal Plants. A compendium of 500 species. Orient Long Man. 1997; 5: 404- 406.
Thimmaiah SR. Standard methods of biochemical analysis. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Kalyani Press; 2004. P. 247- 340.
OECD. Guidance for testing of chemicals, Acute Oral Toxicity- Acute Toxic Class Method; 2001, 423. p. 17.
Khanna U, Garg SK, Vohra SB, Walia HB, Choudhary RR. Antifertility screening of plants. II. Effect of six indigenous plants on early pregnancy in albino rats. Indian J Med Res. 1969: 57: 237- 244.
Abdulazeez MA, Mansurah DA, Ameh AD, Ahmadu D, Ibrahim S, Sani A, Ayo JO, Joseph O, Ambali S F, Suleiman F. Effect of fermented seed extract of Carica papaya on litters of female wistar rats. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009; 8: 854- 857.
Thakur M, Dixit VK. Effect of Chlorophytum borivilianum on androgenic sexual behavior of male rats. Indian Drugs. 2006; 43: 300- 306.
Thakur M, Dixit VK. Aphrodisiac activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo in male albino rats. Evid Based Complement Alter Med. 2007; 4: 29- 31.
Amini A, Kamkar F. The effects of gossypol on spermatogenesis in NMRI mice. Iranian J Sci Technol Trans. 2005; 29: 123-133.
Tietz NW. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, USA: WB Saunders Company; 1995. P. 1- 997.
Uotila M, Ruoslathi E, Envall E. Two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to human alphafetoprotein. J Immunol Methods, 1981; 42: 11-15.
Mahajan BK. Methods in Biostatistics for Medical and Research Worker. 6th ed. New Delhi: JAYPEE Brothers Publication; 1997. P. 398- 410.
Hiremath SP, Hanumantha RS. Antifertility efficacy of the plant Srtiga lutea (Scrophulariaceae) on rats. Contraception. 1990; 42: 466- 477.
Hiremath SP. Badami S, Swamy HKS, Patil SB, Londonkar RL. Antifertility activity of Striga orobanchioides. Biol Pharma Bull. 1994; 17: 1029- 1031.
Khanna U, Chaudhury RR. Antifertility screening of plants. Part I. Investigation on Butea monosperma Linn. (Kuntz). Indian J Med Res. 1968; 56: 1574- 1579.
Sani UM, Sule MI. Antifertility activity of methanol extracts of three different seed varieties of Ricinus communis Linn (Euphorbiaceae). Nig J Pharma Sci. 2007; 6: 78- 83.
Stella OOD, Grace EU, Herbert ABC, Samuel AD. Oxytocic and anti-implantation activities of the leaf extract of Graptophyllum pictum (Linn.) Griff. (Acanthaceae). Afr J Biotech. 2009; 8: 5979- 5984.
Tajuddin AS, Ahmad S, Latif A, Qasmi IA. Aphrodisiac effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry. (Clove) on sexual behaviour of normal male rats. BMC Complement Alter Med. 2004; 4: 17- 24.
Zade V, Pare S, Dabhadkar D, Chondekar R. Abortifacient efficacy of Moringa oleifera in albino rats. Int J Phramacol Biol Sci. 2010; 4: 133- 138.
Govindaraj YV, Melanaphuru S, Gupta V, Agrahari K, Rajesh, Nema. Antifertility activity of the ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis, Derris brevipes Variety Brevipes and Justicia simplex. World J Chem. 2008; 4: 118-123.
Dabhadkar D, Zade V. Abortifacient activity of Plumeria rubra (Linn) pod extract in female albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2012; 50: 702- 707.
Yakubu MT, Adeshina AO, Oladiji AT, Akanji MA, Oloyede OB, Jimoh GA, Olatinwo AO, Afolayan A J. Abortifacient potential of aqueous extract of Senna alata leaves in rats. J Reprod Contracept. 2010; 21 163- 177.
Elbetieha A, Oran SA, Alkofahi A, Darmani H, Raies AM. Fetotoxic potential of Globularia arabica and Globularia alypum (Globulariaceace) in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 72: 215- 219.
Chukwuka N, Uchendu, Thomus I. Antifertility activity of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) in rats. Afr Health Sci. 2008; 8: 163- 167.
Pradeepa MS, Gauda V, Singh S, Chetana H, Shabhulingaiah HM, Ramdas M. Antifertility effect of herb of Indigofera linnaei ali in female albino rats. Int J Phytopharmacol. 2010; 3: 42-49.
Gbotolorun SC, Oremosu AA, Noronha CC, Okanlawon OA. The effect of alcohol extract of neem seed on ovulation, estrous cycle and the fertility of adult cyclic Sprague- Dawley rats. Nig J Health Biomed Sci. 2004; 3: 116- 119.
Raji Y, Udoh US, Mewoyeka OO, Ononye FC, Bolarinwa AF. Implication of reproductive endocrine malfunction in male antifertility efficacy of Azadirachta indica extract in rats. Afr J Med Sci. 2003; 32: 152- 165.
Bianco F, Basini G, Grasselli F. The plant alkaloid Sanguinarine affects swine granulose cell activity. Reprod Toxicol. 2006; 21: 335- 340.
Akpantah AO, Ekong MB, Obeten KE, Akpaso MI, Ekanem TB. Hormonal and histomorphologic effects of Azadirachta indica leaf extract on the pars anterior of Wistar rats. Int J Morphol. 2011; 29: 441- 445.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.