CARDIO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE LEAVES OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS L. ON DAPHNIA MAGNA

Authors

  • K.Periyanayagam THE TAMILNADU DR.MGR MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, INDIA.
  • V. Karthikeyan

Abstract

Objective: To prescreen  the in vivo cardioprotective activity of the  leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus.L Family Moraceae  using  the model organism Daphnia magna along with preliminary phytochemical study and acute toxicity assessment.

Method:  To evaluate the Cardioprotective effect of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A.heterophyllus (EAAH) in vivo on the lactose induced arrhythmic heart of the cladocerans  D.magna (Water flea) a novel model system for studying effects of agonists and toxins on cell signalling and ion channels in situ. Initially acute toxicity assessment, total phenolic content by UV spectral methods and ursolic acid content by HPTLC, trace elements by X-ray fluorescence were determined.

Results: Normal mean heart beat of the D.magna at 200±2°C was found to be 191.4±1.4 beats/min (n=50).  Arrhythmia was induced by lactose (200mM) in the bathing medium.  The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A.heterophyllus (20, 40, 60, 80µg/ml) prevented the lactose induced arrhythmia in dose dependent manner. Previous assessment of toxicity showed LC50 5.88mg/L. Preliminary phytochemical screening of appropriate solvent extract of the leaves showed the presence of flavonoids, sterols, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins , phenolic compounds and absence of alkaloids, volatile oils, fixed oils, glycosides like anthroquinone,  cardiac, cyanogenetic and isothiocyanate. Total phenolic, ursolic acid content of EAAH was 376.5mg/g, 134mg/g respectively. High percentage of calcium, potassium was found in addition to traces of magnesium, sulphur, zinc, strontium, manganese, aluminium. 

Conclusion: Artocarpus heterophyllus L. (Jack fruit) has long been recognized and economically is of appreciable importance as a source of edible aggregate fruit. This study indicates that the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A.heterophyllus possesses potential cardio protective activity on the lactose induced arrhythmia   of the Daphnia heart without any toxicity and mortality. It is assumed that this may be due to polyphenolic content, ursolic acid, trace elements like calcium, potassium, magnesium.  Further investigation requires confirming this activity.

Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Moraceae, Cardioprotective, Daphnia magna, Ursolicacid 

Author Biography

K.Periyanayagam, THE TAMILNADU DR.MGR MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, INDIA.

dept of pharmacognosy

References

Jagtap UB, Bapat VA. Artocarpus: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethno pharm 2010; 129:142–66.

Baliga MS, Shivashankara AR, Haniadka R, Dsouza J, Bhat HP. Phytochemistry, nutritional and pharmacological properties of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit): A review. Food Research International 2011; 44:1800–11.

www.Google.com/http://daphnia.cgb.indiana.edu, accesed on 14.4.2012.

Schleidt S, Indelicato D, Feigenbutz A, Lewis C, Kohn R. Effect of an Aspartame-Ethanol Mixture on Daphnia magna Cardiac Activity. Impulse 2009; 1-9.

Kaas B, Krishnarao K, Marion E, Stuckey L, Kohn R. Effects of melatonin and ethanol on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. Impulse 2009; 1-8.

Kokate CK, Gokhale SB, Purohit AP. Pharmacognosy. 46th Edn. New Delhi. Nirali Prakashan; 2010.p.A.1-6.

Mukherjee PK. Quality control of herbal drugs- An approach to evaluation of botanicals 1st edn New Delhi, Business Horizon; 2012.

Elendt B. Nutritional quality of a microencapsulated diet for Daphnia magna. Effects on reproduction, fatty acid composition, and midgut ultrastructure .Arch. Hydrobiol 1990a; 118: 461– 75.

Tonkopii V, Iofina I. The usage of Daphnia magna as alternative bio objects in ecotoxicology. AATEX 2007; 565-67.

Khan MR, Omoloso AD, Kihara M. Antibacterial activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus.Fitoterapia 2003; 74(5):501-5.

Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Chandrika UG, Abeysekera AM, Menichini F, Frega NG. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) leaves extracts. J Food Sci 2010; 75(5): 291-95.

Sato M, Fujiib T, Linumad M, Tosad H, Ohkawad Y. Flavones with antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. J Ethno pharm 1996; 54(2):171-76.

Arung ET, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Inhibitory effect of artocarpanone from Artocarpus heterophyllus on melanin biosynthesis. Bio Pharm Bulletin 2006; 29: 1966−69.

Fernando MR, Wickramasinghe N, Thabrew MI,.Ariyananda PL,.Karunanayake EH. Effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Asteracanthus longifolia on glucose tolerance in normal human subjects and in maturity-onset diabetic patients. J Ethano pharm 1991; 31: 277-82.

Chandrika UG, Wedage WS, Wickramasinghe N, Fernando WS. Hypoglycaemic action of the flavonoid fraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf .Afr. J. Trad. CAM 2006; 3(2):42-50.

Patil KS, Jadhav AG, Joshi VS. Wound healing activity of leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Ind J Pharm Sci 2005; 67:629−32.

Gupta AK, Tandon N. Review on Indian Medicinal Plants. Indian Council of Medical Research: 2004.

Chackrewarthy S, Thabrew MI, Weerasuriya M.K.B, Jayasekera S. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ethylacetate fraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jak) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacog mag 2010; 6(23):186-90.

Elevitch CR, Manner HI. Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit). Species

Profiles for Pacific Island agro forestry 2006; 1-17.

Hakim A. Diversity of secondary metabolites from Genus Artocarpus (Moraceae).Nusantara Bio sci 2010; 2(3):146-56.

Anonymous. The Wealth of India Raw materials, Ph-Re, Vol VIII, New Delhi, National Institute of Science communication and information resources (NISCAIR), CSIR; 2005.p. 447-52.

Liu J. Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. J Ethno pharm 1995; 49:57-68.

Published

01-10-2013

How to Cite

K.Periyanayagam, & V. Karthikeyan. (2013). CARDIO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE LEAVES OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS L. ON DAPHNIA MAGNA. Innovare Journal Health Sciences, 1(3), 1–5. Retrieved from https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijhs/article/view/349

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>