Agricultural intensification and changes in the physical properties of a Ferric Lixisol in the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso
Keywords:
ploughing-in, manure, porosity, Infiltrability, managementAbstract
Sustainable management of agricultural land is one of the issues facing farmers in the semi-arid zones of West Africa. This study carried out in the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso aims at characterizing the physical properties of ferric Lixisols subjected to farmyard manure ploughing-in and under sorghum monoculture. For this purpose, experimental designs of different ages were used at the agricultural research station of Saria and in farm plots located, from a morphopedological point of view, on identical soil units. The cropping practices tested combined ploughing in with contrasted rates of farmyard manure. Analysis of the physical properties of these soils shows that annual ploughing-in with farmyard manure application resulted in a 1.6-point decrease in structural porosity and a 57% decrease in fine silt content after 33 years of cultivation, compared to soils under farm management. Steady-state infiltration was reduced by 58% compared to that measured under natural fallow. These changes were much linked to the ploughing intensity than to the organic fertilizer rates. On the other hand, after 33 years of cultivation, the biennial ploughing-in of 40 t ha-1 of manure resulted in a loss of more than 50% of the soil's clay and iron oxyhydroxide contents compared to plots with no manure and that of farmers. In sum, unreasoned intensification of cropping practices can lead to a degradation of soil physical properties.
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