TY - JOUR AU - DAMAYANTI, INDAH AU - NUR’AENY, NANAN AU - WAHYUNI, INDAH SUASANI PY - 2021/12/11 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - INTERLEUKIN AS BIOMARKER OF RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (RAS): A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW JF - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics JA - Int J App Pharm VL - 13 IS - 4 SE - Review Article(s) DO - 10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43813 UR - https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/view/43813 SP - 27-33 AB - <p>This review aimed to describe the interleukins and interleukin gene polymorphisms related to and recommended as a RAS biomarker<em>. </em>Articles were searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases, using the keywords of “Interleukin” AND “Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis”. The Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) was used, and the writing of this review refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 8 articles met the criteria and showed a low risk of bias assessment. The level of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 in the acute clinical phase of RAS were higher than in the recovery phase, but IL-10 levels showed decreased. IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 gene polymorphisms were found to be more frequent in RAS patients compared to controls, while IL-12 gene polymorphisms were found to be less associated with RAS pathogenesis. Interleukins at the proteomic level that recommended as a pro-inflammatory biomarker are IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18, while an anti-inflammatory is IL-10. Only IL-2 can be recommended as a biomarker at the genomic level, as other interleukins still require more investigation.</p> ER -