EVALUATION OF MATERNAL AND NEONATAL IGG AND IGM SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES, TRANSFER RATIOS OF ANTIBODIES VIA PLACENTA, IMMUNE RESPONSE IN NEONATES BY IGG AND IGA SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES DETECTION

DHARTI BHAGAT; SEFALI PATEL; MANOJ DIKKATWAR; RADHIKA BINDU

doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2022v14i4.1996

Authors

DHARTI BHAGAT Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
SEFALI PATEL Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
MANOJ DIKKATWAR Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh, India
RADHIKA BINDU Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2022v14i4.1996

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2, Antibodies transmission, Maternal, Neonatal, COVID-19, Transplacental, Breastmilk, IgG, IgM, IgA

Abstract

Objective: To study SARS-CoV-2 viral load in maternal and neonatal bodily fluids, Passage of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody through placenta and breastmilk, and incidence of fetoplacental infection.

Methods: The data were gathered from five databases and included a review of research articles published between 2020 and 2021.

PubMed
Google Scholar

The following terms were used in the search: 1. Clinical symptoms of the mother, 2. The ratio of negative to positive RT-PCR test results in infants, 3. Ratios of normal to aberrant IgG and IgM, 4. Antibody Placental Transfer, 5. Time period for maternal immunization to produce effective antibodies, 6. Neonatal Immune Response, 7. Antibodies are transferred through breast milk after moms have been immunised.

Results: Several prospective and retrospective studies conducted in Wuhan, Philadelphia, Florida and Massachusetts consisted of seropositive as well as seronegative pregnant women. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in the sera of the mother and correlated with the antibodies detected in the neonatal blood. Significant transfer of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through placenta and breast milk was observed; that is, positive correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations in cord and maternal sera (r = 0.886; P < .001). Not only passively, but mothers infected during the peripartum period protect the newborn by actively stimulating and training the neonate system via breastmilk immune complexes.

Conclusion: We here highlight novel insights arising from recent research endeavours on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a mother to an infant.

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