POTENCY OF Γ-ORYZANOL-RICH BLACK RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA L. INDICA) EXTRACT FOR TYROSINASE INHIBITION
Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to quantify γ-oryzanol in an ethanolic extract of Oryza sativa L. Indica (black rice) bran and to evaluate its activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor.
Methods: Black rice bran was extracted via maceration in 96% ethanol, and the γ-oryzanol concentration in the extract was measured through high-performance liquid chromatography. The applicability of the extract as a skin lightening agent was determined by evaluating its tyrosinase inhibition activity.
Results: The dry rice bran contained 118.572 mg/g of γ-oryzanol, and the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity at an IC50 of 74.8%.
Conclusion: The black rice bran extract was sufficiently potent for use in skin lightening formulations.
Keywords:
Black rice bran, Gamma oryzanol, Tyrosinase inhibitor, Lightening agent
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References
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20. Lerma Garcia MJ, Herrero Martinez JM, Simo Alfonso EF, Mendonça CRB, Ramis-Ramos G. Composition, industrial processing, and applications of rice bran c-oryzanol. Food Chem 2009;115:389–404.
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24. Alam N, Yoon KN, Cha YJ, Kim JH, Lee KR, Lee TS. Appraisal of the antioxidant, phenolic compound concentration, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Afr J Agric Res 2001;6:1555-63.
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26. Batubara I, Darusman LK, Mitsunaga T, Rahminiwati M, Djauhari E. Potency of Indonesian medicinal plants as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant agent. J Biol Sci 2010;10:138–44.
2. Bernatoniene J. Topical application of Calendula officinalis (L.): formulation and evaluation of hydrophilic cream with antioxidant activity. J Med Plants Res 2011;5:868-77.
3. Videira IFS, Moura DFL, Magina S. Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis. Dermatology 2013;88:76-83.
4. Jun H, Lee JH, Cho B, Seo W, Kang H, Kim D, et al. Dual inhibition of ?-oryzanol on cellular melanogenesis: inhibition of tyrosinase activity and reduction of melanogenic gene expression by a protein kinase a-dependent mechanism. J Nat Prod 2012;75:1706–11.
5. Tilaar A, Ranti A, Munim A. The efficacy study of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw Var. Bongkok) extract as a skin lightening agent. Pharmacogn J 2017;9:235-8.
6. Oresajo C, Yatskayer M. Comparative evaluation for the efficacy and tolerance of two skin products containing either hydroquinone or emblica extract with kojic acid in female subjects with facial dyschromia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:AB24.
7. Wathoni N, Haerani A, Yuniarsih N, Haryanti R. A review on herbal cosmetics in Indonesia. Int J Appl Pharm 2018;10:13-6.
8. Chaiyasut C, Kesika P, Sakdakampanat P, Peerajan S, Sivamaruthi BS. Formulation and evaluation of the stability of thai purple rice bran-based cosmetic products. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:99-104.
9. Miyazawa M, Oshima T, Koshio K, Itsuzaki Y, Anzai J. Tyrosinase inhibitor from black rice bran. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:6953–6.
10. Parrado J, Miramontes E, Jover M, Gutierrez JF, Collantes de Teran LC, Bautista J. Preparation of a rice bran enzymatic extract with potential use as a functional food. Food Chem 2006;98:742–8.
11. Nam SH, Choi SP, Kang MY, Koh HJ, Kozukue N, Friedman M. Antioxidative activities of bran extract from twenty-one pigmented rice cultivars. Food Chem 2006;94:613–20.
12. Chen MH, Bergman CJ. A rapid procedure for analyzing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol, and c-oryzanol contents. J Food Compos Anal 2005;18:319–31.
13. Xu Z, Godber JS. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting gamma-oryzanol from rice bran. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2001;77:1127–31-0087-4.
14. Lloyd BJ, Siebenmorgen TJ, Beers KW. Effects of commercial processing antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chem 2000;77:551–5.
15. Huang YP, Lai HM. Bioactive compounds and antioxidative activity of colored rice bran. J Food Drug Anal 2016;24:564-74.
16. Mingyai S, Kettawan A, Srikaeo K, Singanusong R. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of rice bran oils produced from colored rice using different extraction methods. J Oleo Sci 2017;66:565-72.
17. Sukrasno S Tuty, I Fidrianny. Antioxidant evaluation and phytochemical content of various rice bran extracts of three varieties rice from semarang-central java, Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:377-82.
18. The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia, (BPOM Indonesia); 1936.
19. Trinovita E, Saputri FC, Munim A. Potential gastroprotective activity of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) extracted by ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers in rat model Sci. Pharmacy 2018;86:35.
20. Lerma Garcia MJ, Herrero Martinez JM, Simo Alfonso EF, Mendonça CRB, Ramis-Ramos G. Composition, industrial processing, and applications of rice bran c-oryzanol. Food Chem 2009;115:389–404.
21. Sakunpak A, Suksaeree J, Pathompak P, Sermkaew N. Antioxidant individual g-oryzanol screening in cold-pressed rice bran oil of different Thai rice varieties by HPLC-DPPH Method. Int J Pharm Sci 2014;6:2–7.
22. Goufo P, Trindade H. Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Sci Nutr 2014;2:75–104.
23. Imsanguan P, Roaysubtawee A, Borirak R, Pongamphai S, Douglas S, Douglas PL. Extraction of a-tocopherol and g-oryzanol from rice bran. Food Sci Technol 2008;41:1417–24.
24. Alam N, Yoon KN, Cha YJ, Kim JH, Lee KR, Lee TS. Appraisal of the antioxidant, phenolic compound concentration, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Afr J Agric Res 2001;6:1555-63.
25. Chang TS. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2009;10:2440-75.
26. Batubara I, Darusman LK, Mitsunaga T, Rahminiwati M, Djauhari E. Potency of Indonesian medicinal plants as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant agent. J Biol Sci 2010;10:138–44.
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VARDHANI, A., M. JUFRI, and E. PURWANINGSIH. “POTENCY OF Γ-ORYZANOL-RICH BLACK RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA L. INDICA) EXTRACT FOR TYROSINASE INHIBITION”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 12, no. 5, May 2020, pp. 90-93, doi:10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i5.37197.
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