POTENCY OF Γ-ORYZANOL-RICH BLACK RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA L. INDICA) EXTRACT FOR TYROSINASE INHIBITION
Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to quantify γ-oryzanol in an ethanolic extract of Oryza sativa L. Indica (black rice) bran and to evaluate its activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor.
Methods: Black rice bran was extracted via maceration in 96% ethanol, and the γ-oryzanol concentration in the extract was measured through high-performance liquid chromatography. The applicability of the extract as a skin lightening agent was determined by evaluating its tyrosinase inhibition activity.
Results: The dry rice bran contained 118.572 mg/g of γ-oryzanol, and the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity at an IC50 of 74.8%.
Conclusion: The black rice bran extract was sufficiently potent for use in skin lightening formulations.
Keywords:
Black rice bran, Gamma oryzanol, Tyrosinase inhibitor, Lightening agent
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Zion Market Research. Global skin lightening products market is expected to reach Around USD 8,895 million by 2024. Available from: https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/news/skin-lightening-products-market. [Last accessed 10 Apr 2019]
2. Bernatoniene J. Topical application of Calendula officinalis (L.): formulation and evaluation of hydrophilic cream with antioxidant activity. J Med Plants Res 2011;5:868-77.
3. Videira IFS, Moura DFL, Magina S. Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis. Dermatology 2013;88:76-83.
4. Jun H, Lee JH, Cho B, Seo W, Kang H, Kim D, et al. Dual inhibition of ?-oryzanol on cellular melanogenesis: inhibition of tyrosinase activity and reduction of melanogenic gene expression by a protein kinase a-dependent mechanism. J Nat Prod 2012;75:1706–11.
5. Tilaar A, Ranti A, Munim A. The efficacy study of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw Var. Bongkok) extract as a skin lightening agent. Pharmacogn J 2017;9:235-8.
6. Oresajo C, Yatskayer M. Comparative evaluation for the efficacy and tolerance of two skin products containing either hydroquinone or emblica extract with kojic acid in female subjects with facial dyschromia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:AB24.
7. Wathoni N, Haerani A, Yuniarsih N, Haryanti R. A review on herbal cosmetics in Indonesia. Int J Appl Pharm 2018;10:13-6.
8. Chaiyasut C, Kesika P, Sakdakampanat P, Peerajan S, Sivamaruthi BS. Formulation and evaluation of the stability of thai purple rice bran-based cosmetic products. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:99-104.
9. Miyazawa M, Oshima T, Koshio K, Itsuzaki Y, Anzai J. Tyrosinase inhibitor from black rice bran. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:6953–6.
10. Parrado J, Miramontes E, Jover M, Gutierrez JF, Collantes de Teran LC, Bautista J. Preparation of a rice bran enzymatic extract with potential use as a functional food. Food Chem 2006;98:742–8.
11. Nam SH, Choi SP, Kang MY, Koh HJ, Kozukue N, Friedman M. Antioxidative activities of bran extract from twenty-one pigmented rice cultivars. Food Chem 2006;94:613–20.
12. Chen MH, Bergman CJ. A rapid procedure for analyzing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol, and c-oryzanol contents. J Food Compos Anal 2005;18:319–31.
13. Xu Z, Godber JS. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting gamma-oryzanol from rice bran. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2001;77:1127–31-0087-4.
14. Lloyd BJ, Siebenmorgen TJ, Beers KW. Effects of commercial processing antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chem 2000;77:551–5.
15. Huang YP, Lai HM. Bioactive compounds and antioxidative activity of colored rice bran. J Food Drug Anal 2016;24:564-74.
16. Mingyai S, Kettawan A, Srikaeo K, Singanusong R. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of rice bran oils produced from colored rice using different extraction methods. J Oleo Sci 2017;66:565-72.
17. Sukrasno S Tuty, I Fidrianny. Antioxidant evaluation and phytochemical content of various rice bran extracts of three varieties rice from semarang-central java, Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:377-82.
18. The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia, (BPOM Indonesia); 1936.
19. Trinovita E, Saputri FC, Munim A. Potential gastroprotective activity of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) extracted by ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers in rat model Sci. Pharmacy 2018;86:35.
20. Lerma Garcia MJ, Herrero Martinez JM, Simo Alfonso EF, Mendonça CRB, Ramis-Ramos G. Composition, industrial processing, and applications of rice bran c-oryzanol. Food Chem 2009;115:389–404.
21. Sakunpak A, Suksaeree J, Pathompak P, Sermkaew N. Antioxidant individual g-oryzanol screening in cold-pressed rice bran oil of different Thai rice varieties by HPLC-DPPH Method. Int J Pharm Sci 2014;6:2–7.
22. Goufo P, Trindade H. Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Sci Nutr 2014;2:75–104.
23. Imsanguan P, Roaysubtawee A, Borirak R, Pongamphai S, Douglas S, Douglas PL. Extraction of a-tocopherol and g-oryzanol from rice bran. Food Sci Technol 2008;41:1417–24.
24. Alam N, Yoon KN, Cha YJ, Kim JH, Lee KR, Lee TS. Appraisal of the antioxidant, phenolic compound concentration, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Afr J Agric Res 2001;6:1555-63.
25. Chang TS. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2009;10:2440-75.
26. Batubara I, Darusman LK, Mitsunaga T, Rahminiwati M, Djauhari E. Potency of Indonesian medicinal plants as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant agent. J Biol Sci 2010;10:138–44.
2. Bernatoniene J. Topical application of Calendula officinalis (L.): formulation and evaluation of hydrophilic cream with antioxidant activity. J Med Plants Res 2011;5:868-77.
3. Videira IFS, Moura DFL, Magina S. Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis. Dermatology 2013;88:76-83.
4. Jun H, Lee JH, Cho B, Seo W, Kang H, Kim D, et al. Dual inhibition of ?-oryzanol on cellular melanogenesis: inhibition of tyrosinase activity and reduction of melanogenic gene expression by a protein kinase a-dependent mechanism. J Nat Prod 2012;75:1706–11.
5. Tilaar A, Ranti A, Munim A. The efficacy study of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw Var. Bongkok) extract as a skin lightening agent. Pharmacogn J 2017;9:235-8.
6. Oresajo C, Yatskayer M. Comparative evaluation for the efficacy and tolerance of two skin products containing either hydroquinone or emblica extract with kojic acid in female subjects with facial dyschromia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:AB24.
7. Wathoni N, Haerani A, Yuniarsih N, Haryanti R. A review on herbal cosmetics in Indonesia. Int J Appl Pharm 2018;10:13-6.
8. Chaiyasut C, Kesika P, Sakdakampanat P, Peerajan S, Sivamaruthi BS. Formulation and evaluation of the stability of thai purple rice bran-based cosmetic products. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:99-104.
9. Miyazawa M, Oshima T, Koshio K, Itsuzaki Y, Anzai J. Tyrosinase inhibitor from black rice bran. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:6953–6.
10. Parrado J, Miramontes E, Jover M, Gutierrez JF, Collantes de Teran LC, Bautista J. Preparation of a rice bran enzymatic extract with potential use as a functional food. Food Chem 2006;98:742–8.
11. Nam SH, Choi SP, Kang MY, Koh HJ, Kozukue N, Friedman M. Antioxidative activities of bran extract from twenty-one pigmented rice cultivars. Food Chem 2006;94:613–20.
12. Chen MH, Bergman CJ. A rapid procedure for analyzing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol, and c-oryzanol contents. J Food Compos Anal 2005;18:319–31.
13. Xu Z, Godber JS. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting gamma-oryzanol from rice bran. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2001;77:1127–31-0087-4.
14. Lloyd BJ, Siebenmorgen TJ, Beers KW. Effects of commercial processing antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chem 2000;77:551–5.
15. Huang YP, Lai HM. Bioactive compounds and antioxidative activity of colored rice bran. J Food Drug Anal 2016;24:564-74.
16. Mingyai S, Kettawan A, Srikaeo K, Singanusong R. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of rice bran oils produced from colored rice using different extraction methods. J Oleo Sci 2017;66:565-72.
17. Sukrasno S Tuty, I Fidrianny. Antioxidant evaluation and phytochemical content of various rice bran extracts of three varieties rice from semarang-central java, Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:377-82.
18. The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia, (BPOM Indonesia); 1936.
19. Trinovita E, Saputri FC, Munim A. Potential gastroprotective activity of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) extracted by ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers in rat model Sci. Pharmacy 2018;86:35.
20. Lerma Garcia MJ, Herrero Martinez JM, Simo Alfonso EF, Mendonça CRB, Ramis-Ramos G. Composition, industrial processing, and applications of rice bran c-oryzanol. Food Chem 2009;115:389–404.
21. Sakunpak A, Suksaeree J, Pathompak P, Sermkaew N. Antioxidant individual g-oryzanol screening in cold-pressed rice bran oil of different Thai rice varieties by HPLC-DPPH Method. Int J Pharm Sci 2014;6:2–7.
22. Goufo P, Trindade H. Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Sci Nutr 2014;2:75–104.
23. Imsanguan P, Roaysubtawee A, Borirak R, Pongamphai S, Douglas S, Douglas PL. Extraction of a-tocopherol and g-oryzanol from rice bran. Food Sci Technol 2008;41:1417–24.
24. Alam N, Yoon KN, Cha YJ, Kim JH, Lee KR, Lee TS. Appraisal of the antioxidant, phenolic compound concentration, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Afr J Agric Res 2001;6:1555-63.
25. Chang TS. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2009;10:2440-75.
26. Batubara I, Darusman LK, Mitsunaga T, Rahminiwati M, Djauhari E. Potency of Indonesian medicinal plants as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant agent. J Biol Sci 2010;10:138–44.
Statistics
55 Views | 60 Downloads
Citatons
How to Cite
VARDHANI, A., M. JUFRI, and E. PURWANINGSIH. “POTENCY OF Γ-ORYZANOL-RICH BLACK RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA L. INDICA) EXTRACT FOR TYROSINASE INHIBITION”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 12, no. 5, Mar. 2020, pp. 90-93, doi:10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i5.37197.
Issue
Section
Short Communication(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
