HYDROGELS THE THREE DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS: A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i1.40823Keywords:
Hydrogel, 3-Dimentional network, PolymersAbstract
Hydrogel products constitute polymeric materials as a group, the hydrophilic structure which renders them the capability of holding large amounts of water in their 3-dimensional networks. Extensive employment of those products during a number of commercial and environmental areas of application is taken into account to be of prime importance. Needless to say, natural hydrogels were gradually replaced by synthetic types thanks to their higher water absorption capacity, long service life, and wide sorts of raw chemical resources. Literature on this subject was found to be expanding, especially within the scientific areas of research. However, variety of technical reports publications and handling hydrogel products from the points of view of engineering were examined to overview technological aspects covering this growing the field of research. the first objective of this text is to review the literature concerning classification of hydrogels on different bases, chemical characteristics and physical characteristics of those products, and technical feasibility of their best utilization. It also involved the technologies adopted for hydrogel production along-side process and design implications, optimized conditions, and the block diagrams of the preparation process. Recent forms of hydrogel material generations are also presented in some details that are innovative in nature.
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References
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45. Myers JA. Delperm: a nontextile wound dressing. Pharm J 1983;230:263.
46. Lee KY, Mooney DJ. Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Chem 2001;101:1869-79.
47. Kumaran P, Gupta A, Sharma S. Synthesis of wound-healing keratin hydrogels using chicken feathers proteins and its properties. Int J Pharm Pharm 2017;9:171-8.
48. Azevedo EP. Chitosan hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:8-14.
49. Lim F, Sun AM. Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas. Science 1980;210:908-10.
50. Roy Debansh. Recent advances in hydrogels for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:410-34.
2. Ahmed EM. Hydrogel: preparation, characterization and applications. J Adv Res 2015;6:105–21.
3. Ajji Z, Mirjalili G, Alkhatab A, Dada H. Use of electron beam for the production of hydrogel dressings. Radiat Phys Chem 2008;77:200–12.
4. Bennett SL, Melanson DA, Torchiana DF, Wiseman DM, Sawhney AS. Next-generation hydrogel films as tissue sealants and adhesion barriers. J Cardiac Surgery 2003;18:494-9.
5. Byju AG, Kulkarni A, Gundiah N. Mechanics of gelatin and elastin based hydrogels as tissue engineered constructs. Int Conference Fracture 2013;18:524-50.
6. Das N. Preparation methods and properties of hydrogels: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:112-7.
7. Hydrogel: Properties, preparation and technical features. Asian J Biomaterial Res 2016;2:163-70.
8. Okay, general properties of hydrogels. In: Gerlach G, Arndt KF. Hydrogel sensors and actuators, engineering and technology. Springer Series Chem Sensors Biosensors 2010;3:173-80.
9. Byju AG, Kulkarni A, Gundiah N. Mechanics of gelatin and elastin based hydrogels as tissue engineered constructs. Materials Science 2013;5:250-94.
10. Mondal M, Trivedy K, Nirmal Kumar S. The silk proteins, serin and fibroin in silkworm Bombyxmori. Caspian J Environ Sci 2007;5:63-76.
11. Menard KP. Dynamic mechanical analysis: a practical introduction. 2nd ed. CRC Press; 2008. p. 480-540.
12. Morrison FA. Understandin rheology. Oxford University Press; 2013:5:250-94.
13. Dong LC, Hoffman AS, Yan Q. Dextran permeation through poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. J Biomater Polym; 1994. p. 473-84.
14. ASTM International. F2540. Standard practice standard guide for assessing microstructure of polymeric scaffolds for use in tissue engineered medical products; 2004. p. 600-29.
15. ASTM International. F2603 standard practice Standard Guide for Interpreting Images of Polymeric Tissue Scaffolds; 2006. p. 120-80.
16. Gulrez SKH, Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO. Hydrogels: methods of preparation, characterisation and applications, progress in molecular and environmental bioengineering. In: Carpi A. Analysis and modeling to technology applications; 2011. p. 65-94.
17. Hoffman AS. History, applications and uses of hydrogels. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2001;3:3-12.
18. Bian L, Hou C, Tous E, Rai R, Mauck RL. The influence of hyaluronic acid hydrogel crosslinking density and macromolecular diffusivity on human MSC chondrogenesis and hypertrophy. Biomaterials 2013;34:413-21.
19. Sung HW, Huang DM, Chang WH, Huang RN, Hsu JC. Evaluation of gelatin hydrogel crosslinked with various crosslinking agents as bioadhesives: in vitro study. J Biomed Mater 1999:46:520-30.
20. Weber LM, Lopez CG, Anseth KS. Effects of PEG hydrogel crosslinking density on protein diffusion and encapsulated islet survival and function. J Biomed Mater 2009;90:720-9.
21. Naziha Chirani, L’Hocine Yahia, Lukas Gritsch, Federico Leonardo Motta, Soumia Chirani, Silvia Fare. History and applications of hydrogels. J Biomed Sci 2015;N2:13.
22. Syed KH Gulrez, Saphwan Al-Assaf, Glyn O Phillips. Hydrogels: methods of preparation, characterisation and applications. Prog Mol Environ Bioeng: Anal Model Technol Appl 2011;5:655-60.
23. Zhou Y, Chu JS, Wu XY. Theoretical analysis of drug release into a finite medium from sphere ensembles with various size and concentration distributions. Eur J Pharm 2004;22:251–9.
24. Katchalsky, I Michaeli. Polyelectrolyte gels in salt solution. J Polym 1955;15:69-86.
25. L Brannon Peppas, NA Peppas. Equilibrium swelling behaviour of pH-sensitive hydrogels. Chem Eng 1991;46:715-22.
26. Katchalsky. Rapid swelling and deswelling of reversible gels of polymeric acids by ionization. Experimentia 1949;5:319-20.
27. Katchalsky S Lifson, H Eisenberg. Equation of swelling for poly electrolyte gels. J Polym 1951;7:571-4.
28. T Tanaka. Phase transition in gels and a single polymer. Polymer 1979;20:1404-12.
29. L Brannon Peppas, NA Peppas. The equilibrium swelling behaviour of porous and non-porous hydrogels. In: L Brannon Peppas, RS Harland. Eds. Absorbent Polymer Technology, Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1990. p. 67-75.
30. W Oppermann. Swelling behaviour and elastic properties of ionic hydrogels. In: RS Harland, RK Prud' home. Eds. Polyelectrolyte Gels: Properties, Preparation, and Applications, ACS Symposium Series, No. 480, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC; 1992. p. 159-70.
31. Nagam SP, AN Jyothi, J Poojitha, S Aruna, RR Nadendla. A comprehensive review on hydrogels. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2016;8:19-23.
32. Ahmed EM. Hydrogel: preparation, characterization and applications. J Adv Res 2015;6:105–21.
33. Dong LC, Hoffman AS, Yan Q. Dextran permeation through poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. J Biomaterials Sci 1994;5:473-84.
34. Griffith LG. Polymeric biomaterials. Recent advances in hydrogels for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Clin Res Acta Materialia 2000;48:263-77.
35. Hoffman AS. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2012;64:18–23.
36. Hacker MC, Mikos AG. Synthetic polymers, principles of regenerative medicine. 2nd ed.; 2011. p. 587–622.
37. Gulrez SKH, Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO. Hydrogels: methods of preparation, characterisation and applications, progress in molecular and environmental bioengineering. In: Carpi A. Analysis and modeling to technology applications; 2011. p. 74-96.
38. Sweta Garg, Ashish Garg. Hydrogel: classification, properties, preparation and technical features. Asian J Biomaterial Res 2016;2:163-70.
39. Nagam. Hydrogel: classification, properties, preparation and technical features. Int J Curr Pharm 2016;1:19-23.
40. Silva AK, Richard C, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Merten OW. Growth factor delivery approaches in hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2009;10:918.
41. Ratnaparkhi PK, Prajapati VK, Jani GK, Solanki HK. Recent expansions in an emergent novel drug delivery technology: hydrogel. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;4:678-701.
42. Kishida A, Ikada Y. Hydrogels for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In: Dumitriu S. editor. Polymeric Biomaterials. 2nd ed. Ch. 6. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2002. p. 504-20.
43. Brown AS. Hydron for burns. Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Plast Reconstruct Surg 1981;67:810-1.
44. Yates DW, Hadfield JM. Clinical experience with a new hydrogel wound dressing. Injury 1984;16:23-4.
45. Myers JA. Delperm: a nontextile wound dressing. Pharm J 1983;230:263.
46. Lee KY, Mooney DJ. Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Chem 2001;101:1869-79.
47. Kumaran P, Gupta A, Sharma S. Synthesis of wound-healing keratin hydrogels using chicken feathers proteins and its properties. Int J Pharm Pharm 2017;9:171-8.
48. Azevedo EP. Chitosan hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:8-14.
49. Lim F, Sun AM. Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas. Science 1980;210:908-10.
50. Roy Debansh. Recent advances in hydrogels for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:410-34.
