IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTITRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF GARCINIA KOLA AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI

Ali Sani; Umar Abdullahi Zakariyya; Asmau Mahe; Deepa Singh

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25022

Authors

Ali Sani Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Umar Abdullahi Zakariyya Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria.
Asmau Mahe Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria.
Deepa Singh Department of Medical Sciences, American International Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25022

Keywords:

Garcinia kola, Phytochemicals, Trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Abstract

Objective: The study was aimed at evaluating in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of Garcinia kola against Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

Methods: The plant materials were extracted and screened for phytochemicals. The antitrypanosomal activity of 70% and 100% G. kola extracts against the parasite was determined in vitro.

Results: Both extracts contained saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids. However, anthraquinones and alkaloids were undetected. The parasites were seen to be actively motile within the first 30 min post-incubation period in 70% hydroethanolic G. kola extract and were found dead at 40â€“60 min in a higher concentration of extract. After 10 min post-incubation of the parasites in 100% ethanolic extract of G. kola, the parasites were observed to be active at lower concentration but at higher concentrations of the extracts, no trypanosomes were seen.

Conclusion: 100% extract induces ceasing of motility at the lesser time compared to 70% ethanolic extract. Similarly, the effect increases with increase in extract concentration. Further research should be carried out to elucidate the bioactive compounds present to have a broad knowledge on the mode of action of the compounds.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Ali Sani, Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

Lecturer, Department of Biological Sciences

References

ILRAD. Annual Report. International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases; 1994. Available from: http://www.hdi.handle. net/10568/49926.

ILRAD. Annual Report. International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases; 1991. Available from: http://www.hdl.handle. net/10568/27111.

Nwude N, Ibrahim MA. Plants used intraditional veterinary medical practice in Nigeria. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1980;3:261-73.

Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel SA, Soejarto DD, Guo Z. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bullet World Heal Org 1985;63:965-81.

Malekzadeh F, Ehsanifar H, Shahmat M, Levin M, Colwell RR. Antibacterial activity of black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula, Retz) against Helicobacter pylori. Int J Antimicrob Agent 2001;18:85-8.

Akerele O. Natureâ€™s medicinal bounty: Donâ€™t throw it away. World Heal Forum 1993;14:390-5.

Muyibi SA, Olorede BR, Onyeyili PA, Osunkwo UA, Muhammad BY, Ajagbonna P. Haematological and histological changes of Cassia occidentalis leaf extract in rats. Niger J Nat Prod Med 2000;4:48-51.

Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacolognosy. U.S.A: WB. Saunders University of Michigan, United State of America; 1996.

Herbert WJ, Lumsden WH. Trypanosome brucei: A rapid matching method For estimating the hostâ€™s parasitemia. Exp Parasitol 1976;40:427-31.

Atawodi SE, Bulus T, Ibrahim S, Ameh DA, Nok AJ, Mamman M, et al. In vitro trypanocidal effect of methanolic extract of some Nigerian Savannah Plants. Afr J Biotech 2003;2:317-21.

Sarker SD, Latif Z, Gray AI. Natural Product Isolation. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Humana Press; 2005. p. 1-5.

Ibrahim MA, Aliyu AB, Meduteni K, Yunusa I. Saponin-rich fraction of Calotropris procera leaves eliat no anti trypanosomal activity in a rat model. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013;3:569-72.

Johnson TO, Omaniwa BP. In vivo trypanosidal activity of ethanolic crude extract and phytochemical fraction of Garcina Kola seeds. Ann Res Rev Biol 2014;4:212-22.

Nwodo NJ, Ibezim A, Ntie-Kang F, Adikwu MU, Mbah CJ. Antitrypanosomal activity of Nigeria plants and their constituents. Molecules 2015;20:7750-71.

Ogbadoyi EO, Kabir AY, Omotobo RF. Preliminary studies of the anti- Trypanosomal activity of Garcina kola nut Extract in mice infected with T.b.b. J Med Med Sci 2011;2:628-31.

Kjer J. New Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi from Mangrove Plants-Structure Elucidation and Biological Screening. Phd thesis. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf; 2009.