IMPACT OF OBESITY ON PULMONARY FUNCTIONS AMONG YOUNG NON-SMOKER HEALTHY FEMALE OF SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27234Keywords:
Obesity, Pulmonary function test, Body mass index, Waist circumference, NilAbstract
Objectives: The sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet of Malaysian female have become important contributing factors to the rise of obesity. Studies on pulmonary function in relation to obesity are very few in Malaysia. Therefore, the study was aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on pulmonary functions among young adult healthy female students of Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in a total of 100 (50 obese and 50 non-obese) adult non-smoker healthy female students aged 18–25 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of FVC (FEV1/FVC%), maximum midexpiratory flow rate (FEF 25–75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured using a computerized spirometer. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured.
Results: The mean FVC (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25–75% (L/s), and PEFR (L/s) of obese group were marginally lower than non-obese control group, but the differences were not statistically significant. WC and waist–hip ratio exhibited significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation with all pulmonary function measurements except FEV1/FVC%. However, body mass index had no significant correlation with any spirometric variables in studied obese females.
Conclusion: There was no significant effect of obesity on pulmonary functions in the studied Malaysian females. However, abdominal obesity had more impact on the impairment of pulmonary functions than overall relative obesity.
Downloads
References
Lim KG. A review of adult obesity research in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2016;71:1-9.
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet 2014;384:766-81.
Institute for Public Health (IPH) National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011.
Institute for Public Health (IPH) National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors and Other Health Problems. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2015.
Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253.
Bai J, Peat JK, Berry G, Marks GB, Woolcock AJ. Questionnaire items that predict asthma and other respiratory conditions in adults. Chest 1998;114:1343-8.
Jones RL, Nzekwu MM. The effects of body mass index on lung volumes. Chest 2006;130:827-33.
Suratt PM, Wilhoit SC, Hsiao HS, Atkinson RL, Rochester DF. Compliance of chest wall in obese subjects. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1984;57:403-7.
Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Weiss ST. Effects of obesity and fat distribution on ventilatory function: The normative aging study. Chest 1997;111:891-8.
Chen Y, Horne SL, Dosman JA. Body weight and weight gain related to pulmonary function decline in adults: A six year follow up study. Thorax 1993;48:375-80.
Banerjee J, Roy A, Singhamahapatra A, Dey PK, Ghosal A, Das A. Association of body mass index (BMI) with lung function parameters in non-asthmatics identified by spirometric protocols. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:12-4.
Saxena Y, Sidhwani G, Upmanyu R. Abdominal obesity and pulmonary functions in young Indian adults: A prospective study. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2009;53:318-26.
Bhattacharjee A, Thygoo A, Rammohan S. Obesity and pulmonary functions in young non smoker male of Shahalam, Malaysia. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 2018(accepted for publication).
World Health Organization (WHO). BMI classification. Genebra: WHO; 2011.
American Thoracic Society. Standard questionnaires on respiratory symptoms, tests of pulmonary function, and chest radiographs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;118:10-23.
VanderJagt DJ, Trujillo MR, Jalo I, Bode-Thomas F, Glew RH, Agaba P, et al. Pulmonary function correlates with body composition in Nigerian children and young adults with sickle cell disease. J Trop Pediatr 2008;54:87-93.
Hetzel MR. The pulmonary clock. Thorax 1981;36:481-6.
Chatterjee S, Mandal A. Pulmonary function studies in healthy school boys of west bengal. Jpn J Physiol 1991;41:797-808.
Thapliyal V, Singh K, Joshi A. Catastropic shift of obesity in three zones of sub-Himalayan region, India and its correlation with the dietary intake. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:404-8.
Anitha M, Monisha DM, Chella KJ. Prevalence of obesity and overweight among medicos in both male and female students. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9:289-91.
San O, Rao M, Zin T. Prevalence and factors associated with obesity among adult at the Kampong Kolam, East Coast Malaysian peninsula-a cross sectional study. Int J Pharm PharmSci 2017;9:273-81.
Crapo RO, Jensen RL. Standards and interpretive issues in lung function testing. Respir Care 2003;48:764-72.
Pelzer AM, Thomson ML. Effect of age, sex, stature, and smoking habits on human airway conductance. J Appl Physiol 1966;21:469-76.
Jenkins SC, Moxham J. The effects of mild obesity on lung function. Respir Med 1991;85:309-11.
Sutherland TJ, Cowan JO, Young S, Goulding A, Grant AM, Williamson A, et al. The association between obesity and asthma: Interactions between systemic and airway inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:469-75.
Al Ghobain M. The effect of obesity on spirometry tests among healthy non-smoking adults. BMC Pulm Med 2012;12:10.
Watson RA, Pride NB. Postural changes in lung volumes and respiratory resistance in subjects with obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005;98:512-7.
Salome CM, King GG, Berend N. Physiology of obesity and effects on lung function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010;108:206-11.
Carey IM, Cook DG, Strachan DP. The effects of adiposity and weight change on forced expiratory volume decline in a longitudinal study of adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:979-85.
Steele RM, Finucane FM, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U. Obesity is associated with altered lung function independently of physical activity and fitness. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17:578-84.
Canoy D, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, Wareham N, Day N, et al. Abdominal obesity and respiratory function in men and women in the EPIC-norfolk study, united kingdom. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:1140-9.
Chinn DJ, Cotes JE, Reed JW. Longitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity. Thorax 1996;51:699-704.
Ray CS, Sue DY, Bray G, Hansen JE, Wasserman K. Effects of obesity on respiratory function. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;128:501-6.
Chen Y, Rennie D, Cormier YF, Dosman J. Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:35-9.
Ochs-Balcom HM, Grant BJ, Muti P, Sempos CT, Freudenheim JL, Trevisan M, et al. Pulmonary function and abdominal adiposity in the general population. Chest 2006;129:853-62.
Sugerman H, Windsor A, Bessos M, Wolfe L. Intra-abdominal pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity comorbidity. J Intern Med 1997;241:71-9.
Pouliot MC, Després JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:460-8.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
