COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INCIDENCE RATES AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT VERSUS NON-INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

MICAH JOB; MOBISHA MONACHAN; RESMI SCARIA; MERLIN BABU

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i6.41293

Authors

MICAH JOB Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
MOBISHA MONACHAN Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
RESMI SCARIA Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
MERLIN BABU Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i6.41293

Keywords:

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections, Hospital Acquired Infection, Urinary catheter, Uropathogens

Abstract

Objective: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is the most common HAI which leads to increased hospital stay and morbidity. The study aimed to compare the incidence rates of CAUTI per 1000 catheter days and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern between intensive care unit (ICU) and non ICU and to determine predisposing risk factors, indications, and outcomes of CAUTI.

Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted in ICU and non ICU for a period of 6 months. The sample size of the study was 120. The data were collected, analyzed in terms of both inferential and descriptive statistics.

Results: The incidence rate per thousand catheter days in non ICU was more as compared to ICU. The significant risk factors associated with CAUTI were the duration of catheterization and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The majority of the patients were catheterized for indications such as critically ill and unconsciousness followed by measurement of urine output. The outcomes of CAUTI were increased duration of hospitalization and recovery of patients. All the Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates from non ICU were sensitive to piperacillin + tazobactam and meropenem. All the isolates from ICU and non ICU were resistant to co-trimoxazole.

Conclusion: The urinary catheter is an essential part of modern medical care. Unfortunately, when used inappropriately or when left in place for too long, it is a hazard to the patient. This study helps to prevent indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics which contribute to emerging of drug resistance strains.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Nag K, Datta A, Karmakar N, Chakraborty T. Knowledge, attitude and practice about hospital acquired infection among health care personnel in a tertiary care hospital of Tripura. Int J Med Health Res 2018;6:3303-8.

Mukakamanzi J. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nurses Towards the Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Selected Referral Hospitals in Rwanda [Dissertation]. Rwanda: University of Rwanda; 2017.

Verma S, Naik SA, Deepak TS. Etiology and risk factors of catheter associated urinary tract infections in ICU patients. IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis 2017;3:65-70.

Kazi MM, Harshe A, Sale H, Mane D, Minal Y, Chabukswar S. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern from confirmed cases of CAUTI in a tertiary care hospital: A prospective study. Clin Microbiol 2015;4:193.

Jain M, Dogra V, Mishra B, Thakur A, Loomba PS. Knowledge and attitude of doctors and nurses regarding indication for catheterization and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015;19:76.

Mohammadzadeh M, Behnaz F. Incidence and risk factors of catheter associated urinary tract infection in Yazd-Iran. Int J Urol Nurs 2012;6:60-5.

Vinoth M, Prabagaravarthanan R, Bhaskar M. Prevalence of microorganisms causing catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) among catheterized patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:2367-72.

Khan MY, Venkateshwarlu C, Sreenivas G, Rahul P. Study of incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infection in catheterized patients admitted at tertiary care hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana State, India. Int Arch Integr Med 2016;3:83-92.

Sandhu R, Sayal P, Jakkhar R, Sharma G. Catheterization-associated urinary tract infections: Epidemiology and incidence from tertiary care hospital in Haryana. J Health Res Rev 2018;5:135.

Hanumantha S, Pilli HP. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) incidence and microbiological profile in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Microbiol Res 2016;3:453-6.

Mojtahedzadeh M, Panahi Y, Fazeli MR, Najafi A, Pazouki M, Navehsi BM, et al. Intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infections in patients admitted with sepsis: Etiology, risk factors, and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Int J Infect Dis 2008;12:312-8.

Zahran FE, Alhommos AK, Elkohafy SA, Ibrahim A, Mohamed GK, Alhommos AK. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in Medical Ward, and ICU KFHH during year 2017. Int J Adv Res 2018;6:997-1011.

Garibaldi RA, Burke JP, Dickman ML, Smith CB. Factors predisposing to bacteriuria during indwelling urethral catheterization. N Engl J Med 1974;291:215-9.

Kulkarni DS, Talib DS, Naik DM, Kale DA. Profile of urinary tract infection in indwelling catheterized patients. IOSR J Dent Sci 2014;13:132-8.

Leelakrishna P, Karthik RB. A study of risk factors for catheter associated urinary tract infection. Inj J Adv Med 2018;5:334-9.

Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B. Mortality associated with nosocomial urinary-tract infection. N Engl J Med 1982;307:637-42.

Karkee P, Dhital D, Madhup SK, Sherchan JB. Catheter associated urinary tract infection: Prevalence, microbiological profile and antibiogram at a tertiary care hospital. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017;3:3-10.