SERIAL ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC BIOMARKERS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the correlation between the serial activity of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and the enzymatic activities of creatine kinase MB (CPK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: This hospital-based retrospective observational study involved 50 patients diagnosed with AMI, including those with non-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and 50 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent electrocardiographic evaluation and serial blood sample collection at 6, 24, and 48 h post-admission. cTnT levels were measured using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay, while CPK-MB levels were assessed by immunoinhibition methodology. Serum levels of LDH and AST were determined using the UV kinetic method on a fully automated autoanalyzer.

Results: At 6, 24, and 48 h, cardiac biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with AMI compared to healthy controls. cTnT levels were 1.13±1.24 ng/mL at 6 h, 3.64±0.34 ng/mL at 24 h, and 5.84±0.39 ng/mL at 48 h, while the control group showed a value of 0.09±0.18 ng/mL. Similarly, serum CPK-MB levels were 99.68±31.46 ng/mL at 6 h, 186.42±54.20 ng/mL at 24 h, and 124.28±46.53 ng/mL at 48 h. Serum AST (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) levels were 78.34±26.25 IU/L at 6 h, 173.90±56.03 IU/L at 24 h, and 119.31±36.21 IU/L at 48 h. Finally, serum LDH levels progressively increased, reaching 521.53±118.36 IU/L at 6 h, 1025.36±101.85 IU/L at 24 h, and 1823.21±129.34 IU/L at 48 h. These findings demonstrate a time-dependent rise in biomarker levels following myocardial injury.

Conclusion: The biomarkers troponin T, CPK-MB, LDH, and AST provide valuable insights into the extent and severity of myocardial injury in patients with AMI. Monitoring their levels over time can aid in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with AMI.