PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN LOADED BISMUTH SULFIDE (Bi2S3) NANOPARTICLES UTILIZING NANOTECHNOLOGY AS A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to improve the solubility and biological activity of class II drug clarithromycin (CLA) by utilizing the nanotechnology as a novel drug delivery system.
Methods: Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation technique, while the loading of clarithromycin (CLA) with bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles was achieved using incorporation method. The loading process, as well as particle size reduction, were evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), furrier transformed infrared (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro release study was performed using USP paddle apparatus type II in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4. Disc diffusion method was the technique used to test the antibacterial activity of CLA before and after loading process.
Results: Loading of CLA with Bi2S3 nanoparticles was accomplished successfully accompanied with particle size reduction within nano range as measured by AFM. In vitro release study showed a significant* increase in solubility and dissolution profile of CLA after loading process, which was also proven using XRD that indicate transformation from crystalline into more soluble amorphous structure. Susceptibility test displayed significant* potentiation of antibacterial activity at all tested concentrations against gram+ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis after loading of CLA with Bi2S3 nanoparticles, while gram –ve bacteria E. coli showed no response for CLA before and after loading process.
Conclusion: The solubility, as well as the antibacterial activity of CLA, were improved significantly* after preparation of nanotechnology based drug delivery system through the utilization of metal nanoparticles, Bi2S3, as nanocarriers for CLA.
Keywords
References
Chellat MF, Raguz L, Riedl R. Targeting antibiotic resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed 2016;55:6600-26.
Akre HS, Mundhada DR, Bhaskaran S, Asghar S, Gandhi GS. Dry suspension formulation of taste masked antibiotic drug for pediatric use. J Appl Pharm Sci 2012;2:166-71.
Mishra R, Gautam S, Prasad RK, Patel A, Sahu A. Solubility enhancement of clarithromycin using solid dispersion and effervescence assisted fusion technique. Res J Pharm Tech 2016;9:677-86.
Wen H, Jung H, Li X. Drug delivery approaches in addressing clinical pharmacology-related issues: opportunities and challenges. AAPS J 2015;17:1327-40.
Lotfipour F, Valizadeh H, Milani M, Bahrami N, Ghotaslou R. Study of antimicrobial effects of clarithromycin loaded PLGA nano particles against clinical strains of helicobacter pylori. Drug Res 2016;66:41-5.
Mohammadi G, Hemati V, Nikbakht MR, Mirzaee S, Fattahi A, Ghanbari K, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of clarithromycin–urea solid dispersions prepared by solvent evaporation, electrospraying and freeze drying methods. Powder Tech 2014;257:168-74.
Sharma R, Rather MA, Vijaykumar Leela R, Saha H, Purayil P, Babu S, et al. Preliminary observations on the effect of nano‐conjugated pheromones on clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758). Aquaculture Res 2014;45:1415-20.
Caroling G, Tiwari SK, Ranjitham M, Suja R. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous broccoli extract-characterization and study of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013;6:165-72.
Safari J, Zarnegar Z. Advanced drug delivery systems: nanotechnology of health design a review. J Saudi Chem Soc 2014;18:85-99.
Daughton CG, Ruhoy IS. Lower-dose prescribing: minimizing “side effects” of pharmaceuticals on society and the environment. Sci Total Environ 2013;443:324-37.
Torchilin VP. Multifunctional, stimuli-sensitive nanoparticulate systems for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 2014;13:813-27.
Kapil A, Aggarwal G, Harikumar S. Nanotechnology in novel drug delivery system. J Drug Delivery Ther 2014;4:21-8.
Chen G, Roy I, Yang C, Prasad PN. Nanochemistry and nanomedicine for nanoparticle-based diagnostics and therapy. Chem Rev 2016;116:2826-85.
Fang Y, Peng C, Guo R, Zheng L, Qin J, Zhou B, et al. Dendrimer-stabilized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and potential computed tomography imaging applications. Analyst 2013;138:3172-80.
Mesquita PR, Almeida JS, Teixeira LS, Silva AFd, Silva LA. A fast sonochemical method to prepare 1D and 3D nanostructures of bismuth sulfide. J Brazi Chem Soc 2013;24:280-4.
Singh R, Lillard JW. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Exp Mol Pathol 2009;86:215-23.
RA Mustafa, KM Nidhal, HD Ashour. Loading of clarithromycin and paclitaxel on synthesized CdS/NiO nanoparticles as promising nanocarriers. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:322-33.
Wang Z, Xie C, Luo F, Li P, Xiao X. P25 nanoparticles decorated on titania nano tubes arrays as effective drug delivery system for ibuprofen. Appli Surf Sci 2015;324:621-6.
Kamarudin N, Jalil A, Triwahyono S, Artika V, Salleh N, Karim A, et al. Variation of the crystal growth of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and the evaluation to ibuprofen loading and release. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014;421:6-13.
Amini R, Brar SK, Cledon M, Surampalli RY. Intertechnique comparisons for nanoparticle size measurements and shape distribution. J Haz Toxi Radioactive Waste 2015;20:1-8.
Chicea D. Using AFM topography measurements in nanoparticle sizing. Rom Rep Phys 2014;66:778-87.
Fan B, Xing Y, Zheng Y, Sun C, Liang G. pH-responsive thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for oral low-molecular weight heparin delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Delivery 2016;23:238-47.
Yang X, Trinh HM, Agrahari V, Sheng Y, Pal D, Mitra AK. A nanoparticle-based topical ophthalmic gel formulation for sustained release of hydrocortisone butyrate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016;17:294-306.
Sunita L. Preparation and characterisation of bora rise aceclophenac microspheres. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015; 8:247-9.
Shahbaziniaz M, Foroutan SM, Bolourchian N. Dissolution rate enhancement of clarithromycin using ternary ground mixtures: nanocrystal formation. Iran J Pharm Res 2013;12:587-98.
Jafari S, Maleki-Dizaji N, Barar J, Barzegar-Jalali M, Rameshrad M, Adibkia K. Methylprednisolone acetate-loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery system for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016;91:225-35.
Esfandi Eh, Ramezani V, Vatanara A, Najafabadi AR, Hadipour Moghaddam SP. Clarithromycin dissolution enhancement by preparation of aqueous nanosuspensions using sonoprecipitation technique. Iran J Pharm Res 2014;13:809-18.
Zahran M, Ahmed HB, El-Rafie M. Surface modification of cotton fabrics for antibacterial application by coating with AgNPs–alginate composite. Carbohydr Polym 2014;108:145-52.
Kalaiyarasu T, Karthi N, Manju V. In vitro assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Digitaria radicosa leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9:297-302.
Sun SB, Liu P, Shao FM, Miao QL. Formulation and evaluation of PLGA nano particles loaded capecitabine for prostate cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8:19670–81.
Khadka P, Ro J, Kim H, Kim I, Kim JT, Kim H, et al. Pharmaceutical particle technologies: an approach to improve drug solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014;9:304-16.
Dizaj SM, Vazifehasl Z, Salatin S, Adibkia K, Javadzadeh Y. Nanosizing of drugs: effect on dissolution rate. Res Pharm Sci 2015;10:95–108.
Jog R, Burgess DJ. Pharmaceutical amorphous nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2017;106:39-65.
Censi R, Di Martino P. Polymorph impact on the bioavailability and stability of poorly soluble drugs. Molecules 2015;20:18759-76.
Kalepu S, Nekkanti V. Insoluble drug delivery strategies: review of recent advances and business prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015;5:442-53.
Babu NJ, Nangia A. Solubility advantage of amorphous drugs and pharmaceutical cocrystals. Crys Groand Des 2011;11: 2662-79.
Raffi M, Hussain F, Bhatti T, Akhter J, Hameed A, Hasan M. Antibacterial characterization of silver nanoparticles against E. coli ATCC-15224. J Mater Sci Tech 2008;24:192-6.
Liu Y, Busscher HJ, Zhao B, Li Y, Zhang Z, Van der Mei HC, et al. Surface-adaptive, antimicrobially loaded, micellar nano carriers with enhanced penetration and killing efficiency in staphylococcal biofilms. ACS Nano 2016;10:4779-89.
Rodrigues LR. Microbial surfactants: fundamentals and applicability in the formulation of nano-sized drug delivery vectors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015;449:304-16.
Blanco E, Shen H, Ferrari M. Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery. Nat Biotech 2015;33:941-51.
Junyaprasert VB, Morakul B. Nanocrystals for enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015;10:13-23.
Chogale MM, Ghodake VN, Patravale VB. Performance parameters and characterizations of nanocrystals: a brief review. Pharmaceutics 2016;8:1-18.
Attari Z, Bhandari A, Jagadish P, Lewis S. Enhanced ex vivo intestinal absorption of olmesartan medoxomil nano-suspension: preparation by combinative technology. Saudi Pharm J 2016;24:57-63.
About this article
|
|
|
|||||||||
Article Tools |
|||||||||||
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
.