AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY PERFORMED TO COMPARE THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA AND SILYMARIN IN CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE (CCL4)-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RABBITS

ANURAG JAIN; SUCHI JAIN; NITIN KOTHARI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i4.44570

Authors

ANURAG JAIN Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Jalaun, Orai, Uttar Pradesh, India.
SUCHI JAIN Department of Pharmacology, F.H. Medical College and Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
NITIN KOTHARI Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i4.44570

Keywords:

Hepatoprotective, Aloe vera, Silymarin, Albino rabbits, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatotoxicity

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of Aloe vera and Silymarin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rabbits.

Methods: The study was conducted on 18 healthy albino rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5–2.0 kg, divided into three groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rabbits by administering CCl4(0.05 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Alcoholic extracts of leaves of A. vera and Silymarin were administered orally for 20 days from day 1 to day 20 in the doses of 100mg/kg/day with the help of a syringe in groups II and III respectively.

Results: Group I: There was an increase in the level of serum transaminase (p<0.001), serum alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001), serum bilirubin (p<0.001), and a decrease in serum albumin (p<0.001) due to hepatotoxic effect of CCl4 when compared to day 0 of the same group. Group II: A. vera extract was found to reduce the level of aspartate transaminase (p<0.0001), alanine transaminase (p<0.0001), serum alkaline phosphatase (p<0.0001), serum bilirubin (p<0.0001), and increase in serum albumin (p<0.0001). Group III: Silymarin was found to reduce the level of aspartate transaminase (p<0.0001), alanine transaminase (p<0.0001), serum alkaline phosphatase (p<0.0001), serum bilirubin (p<0.0001), and increase in serum albumin (p<0.0001). The findings of Group II and Group III were found to be statistically highly significant when compared with Group I. On histopathology, Group II showed maximum reduction in fatty changes compared to Group III.

Conclusions: A. vera extract and Silymarin both showed a decline in hepatotoxic effects induced by CCl4. Comparatively, A. vera exhibited higher protection in restoration of liver function and regeneration of liver cells than Silymarin.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Michalopoulos GK. Liver regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2007;213:286- 300. doi: 10.1002/jcp.21172, PMID 17559071

Guillouzo A. Liver cell models in in vitro toxicology. Environ Health Perspect 1998;106 Suppl 2:511-32. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106511, PMID 9599700

Halliwell B. Oxidative stress, nutrition, and health. Experimental strategies for optimization of nutritional antioxidant intake in human free radicals. Resources 1996;25:57-74.

Uma Maheswari M, Rao PM. Antihepatotoxic effect of grapeseed oil in rat. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:179-82. doi: 10.4103/0253- 7613.16216.

Manigaunha A, Kumar CS, Ganesh N, Kharya MD. Protection of hepatic cells from CCl4 induced cytotoxicity by Ficus carica in liver slices culture in vitro. Biomed Pharmacol J 2008;1(2). Available from: http://biomedpharmajournal.org/?p=503.

DeFeudis FV, Papadopoulos V, Drieu K. Ginkgo biloba extracts and cancer: A research area in its infancy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2003;17:405-17.

Takeoka GR, Dao LT. Antioxidant constituents of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] hulls. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:496-501. doi: 10.1021/jf020660i, PMID 12517116

Lin JK, Wang CJ. Protection of crocin dyes on the acute hepatic damage induced by aflatoxin B1 and dimethylnitrosamine in rats. Carcinogenesis 1986;7:595-9. doi: 10.1093/carcin/7.4.595, PMID 2870820

Ngaha EO, Akanji MA, Madusolumuo MA. Studies on correlations between chloroquine-induced tissue damage and serum enzyme changes in the rat. Experientia 1989;45:143-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01954851, PMID 2920799

Johnston DE, Kroening C. Mechanism of early carbon tetrachloride toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Pharmacol Toxicol 1998;83:231-9.

Shenoy KA, Somayaji SN, Bairy KL. Hepatoprotective effects of Ginko biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2001;33:260-6.

Hęś M, Dziedzic K, Górecka D, Jędrusek-Golińska A, Gujska E. Aloe vera (L.) Webb.: Natural sources of antioxidants -a review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2019;74:255-65. doi: 10.1007/s11130-019-00747-5, PMID 31209704

Nahar T, Uddin B, Hossain S, Sikder AM, Ahmed S. Aloe vera gel protects liver from oxidative stress-induced damage in experimental rat model. J Complement Integr Med 2013;10(1):1-7. doi: 10.1515/jcim- 2012-0020.

Kim SH, Cheon HJ, Yun N, Oh ST, Shin E, Shim KS, et al. Protective effect of a mixture of Aloe vera and Silybum marianum against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2009;109:119-27. doi: 10.1254/jphs.08189fp, PMID 19151545

Bhatt S, Virani S, Sharma M, Kumar Hand Saxena KK. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Aloe vera in acute viral hepatitis. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2014;5:2479-85. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(6).2469-75

Pradhan SC, Girish C. Hepatoprotective herbal drug, silymarin from experimental pharmacology to clinical medicine. Indian J Med Res 2006;124:491-504. PMID 17213517

Muriel P, Mourelle M. The role of membrane composition in ATPase activities of cirrhotic rat liver: Effect of silymarin. J Appl Toxicol 1990;10:281-4. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550100409, PMID 2167906