A REVIEW ON NANOEMULSIONS: FORMULATION, COMPOSITION, AND APPLICATIONS

Authors

  • KHAN MOHAMMAD HAMID Department of Pharmaceutics, H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Mumbai, India.
  • MOHAMMAD WAIS Department of Pharmaceutics, H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Mumbai, India.
  • GAURANG SAWANT Department of Pharmaceutics, H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Mumbai, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-2148

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i4.40859

Keywords:

Nanoemulsion, Nanoparticle, Droplet size, Cosmetics

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are sub-micron sized emulsions that are undergoing detailed assessment as potential drug carriers for enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents. These are to date the most developed nanoparticulate systems for the systemic delivery of active pharmaceutical for controlled drug delivery as well as targeting. These are the thermodynamically durable isotropic system, in which two incompatible liquids (water and oil) are blended to form a single homogenous phase by utilizing a required quantity of surfactants to achieve mixing with a droplet diameter approaching roughly in the range of 0.5–100 μm. They find applications in various fields such as cosmetics as well as are adopted in various routes of administration.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

KHAN MOHAMMAD HAMID, Department of Pharmaceutics, H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Mumbai, India.

Department of Pharmaceutics,Research Student(M Pharm)

MOHAMMAD WAIS, Department of Pharmaceutics, H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Mumbai, India.

Department of Pharmaceutics,Associate Professor

GAURANG SAWANT, Department of Pharmaceutics, H.K. College of Pharmacy, Oshiwara, Mumbai, India.

Department of Pharmaceutics,Research Student(M Pharm)

References

Ahuja A, Ali J, Baboota S, Faisal M, Shakeell F, Shafiq S. Stability evaluation of celecoxib nanoemulsion containing Tween 80. Thai J Pharm Sci 2008;32:4-9.

Nigade PM, Patil SL, Tiwari SS. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS): A Review. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2012;2:42-52.

Kumar S. Role of nano-emulsion in pharmaceutical sciences-a review. Asian J Res Pharm Sci Biotech 2014;2:1-15.

Bhosale RR, Osmani RA, Ghodake PP, Shaikh SM, Chavan SR. Nanoemulsion: A review on novel profusion in advanced drug delivery. Indian J Pharm Biol Res 2014;2:122-7.

Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: An advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech 2015;5:123-7.

Gurpreet K, Singh SK. Review of nanoemulsion formulation and characterization techniques. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018;80:781-9.

Singh KK, Vingkar SK. Formulation, antimalarial activity and biodistribution of oral lipid nanoemulsion of primaquine. Int J Pharm 2008;347:136-43.

Shafiq S, Shakeel F, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Ali M. Development and bioavailability assessment of ramipril nanoemulsion formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;66:227-43.

Yilmaz E, Borchert HH. Effect of lipid-containing, positively charged nanoemulsions on skin hydration, elasticity and erythema--an in vivo study. Int J Pharm 2006;307:232-8.

Shakeel F, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Aqil M, Shafiq S. Nanoemulsions as vehicles for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007;8:E104.

Shakeel F, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Aqil M, Shafiq S. Accelerated stability testing of celecoxib nanoemulsion containing cremophor-EL. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2008;2:179-83.

Klang V, Matsko N, Zimmermann AM, Vojnikovic E, Valenta C. Enhancement of stability and skin permeation by sucrose stearate and cyclodextrins in progesterone nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2010;393:152-60.

Baspinar Y, Keck CM, Borchert HH. Development of a positively charged prednicarbate nanoemulsion. Int J Pharm 2010;383:201-8.

Schwarz JC, Klang V, Karall S, Mahrhauser D, Resch GP, Valenta C. Optimisation of multiple W/O/W nanoemulsions for dermal delivery of aciclovir. Int J Pharm 2012;435:69-75.

Borhade V, Pathak S, Sharma S, Patravale V. Clotrimazole nanoemulsion for malaria chemotherapy. Part I: preformulation studies, formulation design and physicochemical evaluation. Int J Pharm 2012;431:138-48.

Ghosh V, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Ultrasonic emulsification of food-grade nanoemulsion formulation and evaluation of its bactericidal activity. Ultrason Sonochem 2013;20:338-44.

Zhu L, Li M, Dong J, Jin Y. Dimethyl silicone dry nanoemulsion inhalations: Formulation study and anti-acute lung injury effect. Int J Pharm 2015;491:292-8.

Başpınar Y, Gündoğdu E, Köksal C, Karasulu E. Pitavastatin-containing nanoemulsions: Preparation, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015;29:117-24.

Calligaris S, Plazzotta S, Bot F, Grasselli S, Malchiodi A, Anese M. Nanoemulsion preparation by combining high pressure homogenization and high power ultrasound at low energy densities. Food Res Int 2016; 83:25-30.

Kaur K, Kumar R, Mehta SK. Formulation of saponin stabilized nanoemulsion by ultrasonic method and its role to protect the degradation of quercitin from UV light. Ultrason Sonochem 2016;31:29-38.

Meng L, Xia X, Yang Y, Ye J, Dong W, Ma P, et al. Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and baicalein in nanoemulsions to overcome multidrug resistance via oxidative stress augmentation and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Int J Pharm 2016;513:8-16.

Fornaguera C, Feiner-Gracia N, Calderó G, García-Celma MJ, Solans C. PLGA nanoparticles from nano-emulsion templating as imaging agents: Versatile technology to obtain nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent dyes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016;147:201-9.

Chen H, Hu X, Chen E, Wu S, McClements DJ, Liu S, et al. Preparation, characterization, and properties of chitosan films with cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2016;61:662-71.

Yilmaz E, Borchert HH. Design of a phytosphingosine-containing, positively-charged nanoemulsion as a colloidal carrier system for dermal application of ceramides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005;60:91-8.

Cho SC, Choi WY, Oh SH, Lee CG, Seo YC, Kim JS, et al. Enhancement of lipid extraction from marine microalga, Scenedesmus associated with high-pressure homogenization process. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012;2012:359432.

Uluata S, Decker EA, McClements DJ. Optimization of nanoemulsion fabrication using microfluidization: role of surfactant concentration on formation and stability. Food Biophys 2016; 11:52-9.

Goh PS, Ng MH, Choo YM, Amru NB, Chuah CH. Production of nanoemulsions from palm-based tocotrienol rich fraction by microfluidization. Molecules 2015;20:19936-46.

Ganesan P, Karthivashan G, Park SY, Kim J, Choi DK. Microfluidization trends in the development of nanodelivery systems and applications in chronic disease treatments. Int J Nanomedicine 2018;13:6109-21.

Shi Y, Li H, Li J, Zhi D, Zhang X, Liu H, et al. Development, optimization and evaluation of emodin loaded nanoemulsion prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015;27:46-55.

Sugumar S, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Nanoemulsion formation and characterization by spontaneous emulsification: Investigation of its antibacterial effects on Listeria monocytogenes. Asian J Pharm 2015;9:23-8.

Shinoda K, Lindman B. Organised surfactant systems: Microemulsions. Langmuir 1987;3:135-49.

Tenjarla S. Microemulsions: An overview and pharmaceutical applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 1999;16:461-521.

Ktistis G, Niopas IA study on the in-vitro percutaneous absorption of propranolol from disperse systems. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50:413-8.

Kreilgaard M, Pedersen EJ, Jaroszewski JW. NMR characterization and transdermal drug delivery potential of microemulsion systems. J Control Release 2000;69:421-33.

Gasco MR, Gallarate M, Pattarino F. In-vitro permeation of azelaic acid from viscosized microemulsion. Int J Pharm 1991;69:193-6.

Kriwet K, Müller-Goymann CC. Diclofenac release from phospholipid drug systems and permeation through excised human stratum corneum. Int J Pharm 1995;125:231-42.

Trotta M. Influence of phase transformation on indomethacin release from microemulsions. J Control Release 1999;60:399-405.

Alvarez-Figueroa MJ, Blanco-Méndez J. Transdermal delivery of methotrexate: Iontophoretic delivery from hydrogels and passive delivery from microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2001;215:57-65.

Pershing LK, Lambert LD, Knutson K. Mechanism of ethanol-enhanced estradiol permeation across human skin in vivo. Pharm Res 1990;7:170-5.

Liu P, Kurihara-Bergstrom T, Good WR. Cotransport of estradiol and ethanol through human skin in vitro: Understanding the permeant/ enhancer flux relationship. Pharm Res 1991;8:938-44.

Kim YH, Ghanem AH, Mahmoud H, Higuchi WI. Short chain alkanols as transport enhancers for lipophilic and polar/ionic permeants in hairless mouse skin: mechanism (s) of action. Int J Pharm 1992;80:17-31.

Pershing LK, Parry GE, Lambert LD. Disparity of in vitro and in vivo oleic acid-enhanced β-estradiol percutaneous absorption across human skin. Pharm Res 1993;10:1745-50.

Tanojo H, Boelsma E, Junginger HE, Ponec M, Boddé HE. In vivo human skin permeability enhancement by oleic acid: A laser Doppler velocimetry study. J Control Release 1999;58:97-104.

Hadgraft J. Skin, the final frontier. Int J Pharm 2001;224:1-8.

Goldberg-Cettina M, Liu P, Nightingale J, Kurihara-Bergstrom T. Enhanced transdermal delivery of estradiol in vitro using binary vehicles of isopropyl myristate and short-chain alkanols. Int J Pharm 1995;114:237-45.

Fang JY, Yu SY, Wu PC, Huang YB, Tsai YH. In vitro skin permeation of estradiol from various proniosome formulations. Int J Pharm 2001;215:91-9.

Acharya A, Moulik SP, Sanyal SK, Mishra BK, Puri PM. Physicochemical investigations of microemulsification of coconut oil and water using polyoxyethylene 2-cetyl ether (Brij 52) and isopropanol or ethanol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002;245:163-70.

Attwood D, Mallon C, Taylor CJ. Phase studies on oil-in-water phospholipid microemulsions. Int J Pharm 1992;84:R5-8.

Aboofazeli R, Lawrence CB, Wicks SR, Lawrence MJ. Investigations into the formation and characterization of phospholipid microemulsions. III. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of systems containing water-lecithin-isopropyl myristate and either an alkanoic acid, amine, alkanediol, polyethylene glycol alkyl ether or alcohol as cosurfactant. Int J Pharm 1994;111:63-72.

Aboofazeli R, Lawrence MJ. Investigations into the formation and characterization of phospholipid microemulsions: I Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of systems containing water lecithin-alcohol-isopropyl myristate. Int J Pharm 1993;93:161-75.

Shinoda K, Araki M, Sadaghiani A, Khan A, Lindman B. Lecithin-based microemulsions: Phase behavior and microstructure. J Phys Chem 1991;95:989-93.

D’Angelo M, Fioretto D, Onori G, Palmieri L, Santucci A. Dynamics of water-containing sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles: A high-frequency dielectric study. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996;54:993-6.

Carlfors J, Blute I, Schmidt V. Lidocaine in microemulsion-a dermal delivery system. J Dispers Sci Technol 1991;12:467-82.

Israelachvili JN, Mitchell DJ, Ninham BW. Theory of self-assembly of hydrocarbon amphiphiles into micelles and bilayers. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1976;72:1525-68.

Mitchell DJ, Ninham BW. Micelles, vesicles and microemulsions. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1981;77:601-29.

Bhargava HN, Narurkar A, Lieb LM. Using microemulsions for drug delivery. Pharm Technol 198; 11:46-54.

Kreuter J. Colloidal Drug Delivery Systems. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 2014.

Eccleston J, Swarbrick JC. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology. Vol. 9. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1994. p. 375-421.

Lawrence MJ. Surfactant systems: Microemulsions and vesicles as vehicles for drug delivery. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1994;19:257-69.

Lawrence MJ. Microemulsions as drug delivery vehicles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 1996;1:826-32.

Morsi NM, Mohamed MI, Refai H, El Sorogy HM. Nanoemulsion as a novel ophthalmic delivery system for acetazolamide. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:227-36.

Chellapa P, Ariffin FD, Eid AM, Almahgoubi AA, Mohamed AT, Issa YS, et al. Nanoemulsion for cosmetic application. Eur J Biomed Pharm Sci 2016;3:8-11.

Ribeiro RC, Barreto SM, Ostrosky EA, da Rocha-Filho PA, Veríssimo LM, Ferrari M. Production and characterization of cosmetic nanoemulsions containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) mill extract as moisturizing agent. Molecules 2015;20:2492-509.

Pengon S, Chinatangkul N, Limmatvapirat C, Limmatvapirat S. The effect of surfactant on the physical properties of coconut oil nanoemulsions. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018;13:409-14.

Quintão FJ, Tavares RS, Vieira-Filho SA, Souza GH, Santos OD. Hydroalcoholic extracts of Vellozia squamata: Study of its nanoemulsions for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2013;23:101-7.

Guglielmini G. Nanostructured novel carrier for topical application. Clin Dermatol 2008;26:341-6.

Nantarat TH, Chansakaow SU, Leelapornpisid PI. Optimization, characterization and stability of essential oils blend loaded nanoemulsions by PIC technique for anti-tyrosinase activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:308-12.

Almajidi YQ, Zainab HM, Maraie NK. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of montelukast sodium oral nanoemulsion. Int J Appl Pharm 2018;10:49-53.

Aithal GC, Nayak UY, Mehta C, Narayan R, Gopalkrishna P, Pandiyan S, et al. Localized in situ nanoemulgel drug delivery system of quercetin for periodontitis: Development and computational simulations. Molecules 2018;23:1363.

Yen CC, Chen YC, Wu MT, Wang CC, Wu YT. Nanoemulsion as a strategy for improving the oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide. Int J Nanomedicine 2018;13:669-80.

Javed S, Kohli K. Local delivery of minocycline hydrochloride: A therapeutic paradigm in periodontal diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2010;7:398-406.

Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Eng J Med 1991;325:928-37.

Colitis-Pathophysiology U. Inflammatory bowel disease part I: Ulcerative colitis-pathophysiology and conventional and alternative treatment options. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:247-83.

Geoghegan F, Wong RW, Rabie AB. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on periodontal pathogens in vitro. Phytother Res 2010;24:817-20.

Madav S, Tripathi HC, Mishra SK. Analgesic, antipyretic and antiulcerogenic effects of andrographolide. Indian J Pharm Sci 1995;57:121.

Shen T, Yang WS, Yi YS, Sung GH, Rhee MH, Poo H, et al. AP-1/ IRF-3 targeted anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:210736.

Wang J, Tan XF, Nguyen VS, Yang P, Zhou J, Gao M, et al. A quantitative chemical proteomics approach to profile the specific cellular targets of andrographolide, a promising anticancer agent that suppresses tumor metastasis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014;13:876-86.

Berkowitz AC, Goddard DM. Novel drug delivery systems: future directions. J Neurosci Nurs 2009;41:115-20.

Zhao L, Seth A, Wibowo N, Zhao CX, Mitter N, Yu C, et al. Nanoparticle vaccines. Vaccine 2014;32:327-37.

Akhter S, Jain GK, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Jain N, Khan ZI, Talegaonkar S. Investigation of nanoemulsion system for transdermal delivery of domperidone: Ex-vivo and in vivo studies. Current Nanosci 2008;4:381-90.

Reed SG, Bertholet S, Coler RN, Friede M. New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development. Trends Immunol 2009;30:23-32.

Pellegrini M, Nicolay U, Lindert K, Groth N, Della Cioppa G. MF59- adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines: Integrated analysis from a large safety database. Vaccine 2009;27:6959-65.

Mosca F, Tritto E, Muzzi A, Monaci E, Bagnoli F, Iavarone C, et al. Molecular and cellular signatures of human vaccine adjuvants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:10501-6.

Garçon N, Vaughn DW, Didierlaurent AM. Development and evaluation of AS03, an adjuvant system containing α-tocopherol and squalene in an oil-in-water emulsion. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012;11:349-66.

Garçon N, Di Pasquale A. From discovery to licensure, the adjuvant system story. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017;13:19-33.

Fox CB, Anderson RC, Dutill TS, Goto Y, Reed SG, Vedvick TS. Monitoring the effects of component structure and source on formulation stability and adjuvant activity of oil-in-water emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008;65:98-105.

Klucker MF, Dalençon F, Probeck P, Haensler J. AF03, an alternative squalene emulsion‐based vaccine adjuvant prepared by a phase inversion temperature method. J Pharm Sci 2012;101:4490-500.

Published

07-04-2021

How to Cite

HAMID, K. M., M. WAIS, and G. SAWANT. “A REVIEW ON NANOEMULSIONS: FORMULATION, COMPOSITION, AND APPLICATIONS”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 14, no. 4, Apr. 2021, pp. 22-28, doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i4.40859.

Issue

Section

Review Article(s)